The Rev. Christine Stoxen, Holy Trinity, Chandler, testifies before the Arizona House Appropriations Committee.
You’ve heard of Arizona Bill? He’s the mascot that tells the story of how a bill becomes a law in Arizona. Below is the story of HB2191, the legislation LAMA and partners championed that would give established churches the right to put homes on their land. It won’t surprise you that there’s a lot to it. We are grateful for our partners at Lutheran Social Services of the Southwest, Valley Interfaith Project and the Arizona Housing Coalition for their work on behalf of this bill.
The bill is now inactive. Read what happened. Will the team that ran the bill this year take it up next year?
THANK YOU for your advocacy!
HB2191, the bill we know as Yes in God’s Back Yard (YIGBY) was promoted for the second year through Valley Interfaith Project. (Read about last year’s advocacy efforts for HB2815 YIGBY here.) HB2191 was introduced in the Arizona House chamber on January 14, 2025 by Rep. David Livingston (R, LD28), chair of the Appropriations Committee, as below:
Allows religious institutions to develop single-family and multifamily residential housing on their properties as an "allowed use development," exempting them from local or county zoning ordinances. Developments must meet specific criteria, such as proximity limits to neighboring sites, parking space requirements, and adherence to water and sewer regulations. Height, setback, and lot coverage requirements are specified. Municipalities and counties are prohibited from imposing additional restrictions on allowed use developments, but may require permits and fees consistent with comparable projects. The religious institution is required to record a deed restriction allocating at least 40 percent of the units in the development for low-income households for a period of 55 years. Religious institutions must notify the county assessor when the property no longer qualifies for tax exemption.
Jan 28, 2025: House First Reading — Referred to House Rules; Referred to House Government
Feb 18, 2025: House Standing Committee — Withdrawn from Government
Feb 18, 2025: House Standing Committee — Referred to House Appropriations
Feb 19, 2025: Placed On House Government Agenda — Scheduled for House Government hearing - Feb 19, 2025 08:00AM
Feb 19, 2025: Removed from Agenda — Removed from House Government hearing - Feb 19, 2025 08:00AM
Feb 24, 2025: Placed On House Appropriations Agenda — Scheduled for House Appropriations hearing - Feb 24, 2025 10:00AM
Feb 24, 2025: House Standing Committee The hearing included testimony from Pastor Christ Stoxen of Holy Trinity Lutheran Church in Chandler; Appropriations passed (11 - 5 - 0 - 0 - 0)
Watch the hearing on HB2191 (approx. 1 hr) here. Pastor Chris’s testimony begins at 01:09:05. Read recap of Pastor Chris’s day at the legislature here.
Mar 3, 2025: House Consent Placed On House Consent Calendar
Mar 3, 2025: House Consent Removed from House Consent Calendar
Mar 3, 2025: Placed On House Rules Agenda Scheduled for House Rules hearing - Mar 03, 2025 01:00PM
Mar 3, 2025: House Standing Committee House Rules OK
Mar 4, 2025: House - Committee of the Whole Retained on House COW calendar
Mar 4, 2025: House - Committee of the Whole Placed On House Committee of the Whole Calendar
Mar 4, 2025: House Minority Caucus Placed On House Minority Caucus Calendar
Mar 4, 2025: House Caucus Placed On House Caucus Calendar
Mar 12, 2025: House Committee of the Whole Placed On House Committee of the Whole Calendar
Mar 12, 2025: House - Committee of the Whole House COW passed amended
Mar 13, 2025: House Third Reading Placed On House Third Reading Calendar
Mar 18, 2025: House Additional Committee of the Whole Placed On House Additional Committee of the Whole Calendar
Mar 19, 2025: House Additional Committee of the Whole Placed On House Additional Committee of the Whole Calendar; Bill is amended as below:
The bill introduces provisions allowing religious institutions in Arizona to develop single-family residential housing on eligible sites, subject to specified requirements and regulations. These provisions include restrictions on proximity to neighboring sites, parking, setback requirements, and ownership criteria. The bill also outlines conditions for land use, density bonuses, and affordability measures, as well as notification and community engagement obligations for religious institutions. The additions are relevant as they establish a framework for the development of housing by religious institutions within specific zoning parameters. Emergency clause.
Mar 19, 2025: House - Miscellaneous Motion Motion by Representative Carbone that pursuant to House Rule 12(P), HB2191 be calendared for an Additional Committee of the Whole for purposes of further amending. Motion passed v/v. House PASSED
Mar 19, 2025: House - Additional Committee of the Whole House COW passed amended
Mar 20, 2025: House - Motion House motion to Reconsider Third Reading FAILED
Mar 20, 2025: House Third Reading Placed On House Third Reading Calendar
Mar 20, 2025: House - Third Reading House FAILED (28 - 26 - 6 - 0 - 0)
Bob Christi wrote the following for the Arizona Daily Star on March 20, 2025, article titled Arizona House rejects 'Yes in God's Backyard' bill.
PHOENIX — A deeply divided Arizona House rejected a measure giving churches the right to put homes on their land, amid worries that established neighborhoods would be overrun with high-density housing, that developers would take advantage of leases, and even that witches could move in.
The measure that would have allowed established churches across the state to lease out portions of their property to developers to build single-family homes failed Thursday even though it was greatly watered down to try to win over opponents. And in a rare move, the Republican-controlled House also voted to deny backers the routine ability to bring House Bill 2191 back for another vote. Although that move is not fatal, since lawmakers have other options to revive the bill, it makes it much more difficult.
The bill is touted as one way to boost affordable housing in the state, which like many others is struggling with a housing shortage. But it drew the ire of neighborhood groups and cities because it would override local zoning rules, and it even received opposition from a pastor who is a member of the House.
The pastor, Rep. Lupe Diaz, R-Benson, said the measure puts churches at risk of losing their tax-exempt status. He also said federal fair housing laws would kick in if homes were built on church-owned land, meaning the homes couldn’t be sold to only church members.
“The housing is going to be available to the general public, No. 1, which means that (anyone), contrary to what you believe, can come in,’’ Diaz said.
“It could be a witch coven,’’ he said. “It could be Satanists who move in, and that puts the church in a very critical position and very vulnerable position for lawsuits and that kind of thing.’’
More divisive for many Republican members were concerns about overriding city zoning rules — something they’ve been open to doing in other housing bills that passed last year and are moving in the Legislature this year.
Rep. Alexander Kolodin, R-Scottsdale, a member of the GOP’s Freedom Caucus, said he can see conservative reasons to both support and oppose the measure.
“But on a much deeper level, I’m not torn whatsoever,’’ he said, saying he trusts his constituents and didn’t want to “change the character of their community without their consent.’’
“They’re smart people, they’re hard-working people, they’re thoughtful people, and they’re people who are driven to do the right thing,’’ Kolodin said while explaining his “no’’ vote. “My voters do not need me to screw things up for them and to ruin what they’ve worked so hard for.’’
Kolodin and Diaz acknowledged the state has a housing crisis. But neither would vote to override cities and towns and their residents.
The measure gathered 28 votes in favor with 26 against, with both backing and opposition from members of both parties. But it takes a majority of all 60 House members — present or not — to get final approval.
As originally introduced, the measure would have allowed churches to lease out parts of their properties for construction of multi-story apartment buildings on land near single-family homes. The bill sponsor, Rep. David Livingston, R-Peoria, amended the measure last week and again this week to address concerns.
Still, Livingston couldn’t get the needed votes.
“It’s tough to get enough votes on this bill today with six members missing, but I’m asking for your ‘yes’ vote,’’ Livingston pleaded to members during the vote.
He said he would commit to making additional changes if the bill made it to the Senate, with House members then getting a chance to vote on it again in its final form. Livingston also said some members of the public were still not aware of the major changes he already made to narrow its scope.
As originally crafted, the measure would have allowed apartment buildings on church property.
To try to line up votes, Livingston agreed to limit such developments to just single-family homes, as many as 17 homes on each acre of land but possibly as few as four or five per acre, depending on existing neighborhood zoning. They would be limited to two stories — or just one if that was the character of the neighborhood — and could be no closer than 75 feet to existing neighborhoods.
Significant changes were made to the rules allowing churches to lease land to developers to address one of the many concerns. Another change limited the measure to established churches — those in existence for 15 years or more — to address worries that developers would find a loophole and partner with a new church created just to take advantage of the ability to make money by building homes.
“I would like to have churches more involved in the community,’’ Livingston said. “That is what’s driving me on this bill.’’
Rep. Khyl Powell, R-Gilbert, said that while he is convinced housing is a critical need, he can’t back the measure because he remains worried about the land lease specifics and that “density bonuses’’ developers could be awarded based on affordability could let them pack in more homes.
He also said he remains unconvinced that as written the bill only allows single-family homes.
“They say that townhouses won’t be allowed, but still, there’s a possibility that it could be worked in there by developers,’’ Powell said.
Rep. Sarah Liguori, D-Phoenix, said the shortage of affordable housing in the state means lawmakers have to act. She noted that young people are considering moving out of state to find a home they can afford to buy, or are forced into long commutes because they can’t afford to live near their jobs.
“There are many things with housing that we cannot control,’’ she said. “We can’t control the price. We can’t control the labor. But we must be working on the issues that we can control. And what this bill is attempting to do is to help bring a little bit of ease for housing to be built in our communities statewide.’’